Understanding HIV

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, specifically targets the body’s immune system by attacking CD4 (T) cells—the key defenders against infections. Over time, as these cells diminish, the body's natural defenses weaken, leaving it vulnerable to various diseases.

Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most severe stage of the infection. However, with early diagnosis and modern antiretroviral therapies (ART), many people living with HIV can manage the condition effectively and enjoy long, healthy lives.

HIV is primarily transmitted through contact with certain bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The main modes of transmission include:

• Unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected partner
• Sharing needles or injection equipment
• Transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

It is important to note that HIV is not spread through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing everyday objects.

A solid understanding of HIV is essential to reducing stigma and promoting effective prevention strategies. For anyone seeking more information or considering testing, consulting with healthcare professionals and trusted health resources is highly recommended.